Abstract
As nations decarbonize, oil-dependent economies face stark choices: diversify and adapt or risk economic collapse. This study examines whether current “just transition” frameworks sufficiently address the unique vulnerabilities of petro-states, particularly in the Global South. By analyzing policy responses in Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Venezuela, the paper evaluates whether economic restructuring efforts promote equitable development or reinforce existing inequalities. Using a political economy lens, the research highlights the challenges of funding diversification, the social costs of job losses, and the risks of elite resistance. The findings underscore the need for more inclusive transition strategies that prioritize labor protections, social welfare, and equitable growth in affected economies.
Author: Brianna Dickey (2025)
This is a working paper by the Stratum Institute for Global Action. Interested in contributing? Contact us!
