Abstract
As demand for critical minerals surges to support the global transition to renewable energy, resource-rich but politically fragile states are asserting greater control over extraction and trade. This paper examines the rise of resource nationalism in countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, and Bolivia, where governments are renegotiating contracts, imposing export restrictions, and nationalizing mining operations. Using a comparative case study approach, the study assesses how these policies impact political stability, foreign investment, and local economies. Findings highlight the tensions between economic sovereignty, environmental governance, and global supply chain security in the context of the green energy transition.
Author: Brianna Dickey (2025)
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